Introduction With the development of electronic devices, people pay more and more attention to wafers, chips, semiconductors, and integrated circuits. Everyone is trying to figure out the essence of chips. Their mind is full of questions. What is a wafer? What is a chip? What about their relations? What materials do we use to make...Continue Reading

Introduction Purity is one of the prime performance requirements of target selection, which has been explained in our previous article. It takes countless money, time, and labor every year to separate impurities. However, do impurities always have a negative influence on sputtering? We are going to explore this question in this article with specific cases....Continue Reading

One of the main applications of chromium is the production of stainless steel and chrome plating. The process of electroplating a thin layer of chromium onto a metal object can be done to add aesthetic appeal or to make the surface harder and more corrosion-resistant. Chrome plating can produce chromium layers as thin as 0.001...Continue Reading

Introduction Electron beam evaporation and thermal evaporation are types of physical vapor deposition methods. Both processes have some similarities as well as differences. Ever wondered which of these processes is best for coating a substrate you’re working on? Read on. What is Physical Vapor Deposition? Physical vapor deposition is a method of coating substrates below...Continue Reading

Introduction Plasma spray coating is a form of thermal spraying. It involves heating a material electrically and spraying it on the substrate to be coated. This process can be used on a large surface area at a higher deposition rate than most other methods of thin-film deposition. A wide range of materials can be used...Continue Reading